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Mexico

Pour que le pluralisme se développe, la reconnaissance des populations autochtones et afro-mexicaines ne doit pas seulement être inscrite dans la loi.

Groupes Évalués

Le Mexique possède une longue histoire d’inclusion et de multiculturalisme. Toutefois, les Autochtones, les Afro-descendants et les migrants sont aujourd’hui victimes d’une discrimination structurelle dans les tribunaux, l’économie et la vie sociale quotidienne. Le Mexique s’est efforcé d’améliorer la reconnaissance et l’appartenance de ces groupes en établissant des traités internationaux, des réformes constitutionnelles et des politiques d’action positive, mais l’évaluation du Moniteur fait ressortir un écart entre ces traités et ces politiques nationales et leur mise en œuvre, ce qui nuit à l’amélioration de la situation des Autochtones, des Afro-descendants et des migrants. En outre, les taux de pauvreté et les écarts de richesse importants, le crime organisé et la violence des acteurs étatiques et non étatiques continuent de s’aggraver. Cette évaluation a été achevée en 2024.

Takeaways

Gap between policy and practice

Mexico has adopted international treaties and national policies aimed to recognize Indigenous and Afro-descendant peoples. Yet these groups are still subject to discrimination and state neglect in most of the country. Official discourse frames the detention and treatment of migrants as humanitarian policy meant to protect from abuse and endangerment. The reality is a militarized approach subjecting migrants to violence and economic and social precarity.

Diverse groups are underrepresented in Mexican institutions and society

Indigenous and Afro-descendant peoples experience cycles of intergenerational poverty, marginalization, structural violence and exclusion from decision-making processes. The Mexican state treats them as objects of policies, not subjects of rights. Indigenous and Afro-Mexican peoples are underrepresented in the legislature and formal employment. Migrants are invisibilized in data collection, state-based institutions and society.

Indigenous, Afro-Mexican and migrant women experience similar violence

Women in these groups experience similar social outcomes including poor access to maternal health care, social services, education and paid labour. There is also a crisis of violence against women in Mexico. Indigenous, Afro-Mexican and migrant women are vulnerable to violence because of their low socioeconomic status. This crisis of violence has also extended to the LGBTQ+ community. Impunity for gender-based violence is common in Mexico.